Why is it important to know about HPVs? - Alexander Ε. Mortakis

Why is it important to know about HPVs?

Genital HPVs (a group of about 40 types) are of particular interest because they have been causally linked to serious diseases in humans (cancers and genital warts).

Frequently Asked Questions

Genital Warts

What are genital warts?

What causes genital warts?

What do genital warts look like?

Is it a common disease?

Where do warts appear in women?

Where do warts appear in men?

Is the appearance of warts in the mouth frequent?

What types of HPV cause genital warts?

Diagnosis of genital warts

What are the symptoms of genital warts?

How does a woman discover genital warts?

How can you know if you have genital warts elsewhere?

What is the association between genital warts and cancers caused by HPV?

What tests should you get if you develop genital warts?

Treatment of genital warts

Can genital warts and HPV infection be treated?

What are the treatments for genital warts?

What medications or substances are used to treat genital warts?

How are genital warts destroyed?

When and how are warts removed?

Which is the best treatment for genital warts?

Do genital warts recur after treatment and how is it explained?

Prevention of genital warts

How are genital warts transmitted?

If you have intercourse with an infected individual is infection inevitable?

How long after the infection do genital warts appear?

How can you know if the individual you will have intercourse with has the infection and that you may become infected?

If someone has common warts, can they infect you with genital warts?

How can we explain genital warts in areas where there is no friction during sexual intercourse?

If a woman gets genital warts, must her partner be examined?
HPVs: What they are and what they cause

What are HPVs?

Why is it important to know about HPVs?

What parts of the body do genital HPVs infect?

Does it matter what type of HPV I have been infected with?

Low-risk HPVs: what do they cause?

High-risk HPVs: what do they cause?

Can I be infected by HPV and not know it?

What are subclinical lesions caused by HPV?

What are the symptoms of HPV infection?

If you are infected today, when will the first lesions appear?

Are you at direct risk from the invisible lesions caused immediately after the infection?

How frequent are subclinical lesions caused by HPV in the general population and what is the incidence compared to the incidence of genital warts?

Do subclinical lesions cause symptoms? How are they discovered and what types of HPV causes them?

What is the prognosis for subclinical lesions caused by HPV?

If an infection is discovered, what is the next step, what is the treatment and which subclinical lesions do we follow up?

Recurring respiratory papillomatosis

The effects from genital types of HPV on you and your children
HPV and cancer

What is cancer?

What cancers do HPVs cause in women?

What cancers do HPVs cause in men?

Will I get cancer if I get infected by HPVs?

Will I get cancer if I get infected by high-risk HPVs?

From infection to precancerous lesions and cancer

Cervical cancer

What is the cause of cervical cancer?

What do the terms LSIL and HSIL of the cervix mean?

What are CIN1, CIN2, and CIN3?

What is the prognosis for CIN1, CIN2, and CIN3/CIS?

Which terms are used internationally for precancerous lesions on the cervix?

Treatment of cervical precancerous lesions

Description of procedures

What is the logic behind these procedures and what should the patient do to prepare?

LEEP Procedure

COLD-KNIFE Conization

LASER CONIZATION

LASER ABLATION OF THE TRANSFORMATION ZONE

CRYOTHERAPY

Post-operative follow-up and recurrences

Is HPV related to head and neck cancers?

What is the connection between HPVs, genital warts and cancer?

HPV, smoking and cervical cancer

In what areas of the female genital organs does HPV cause cancer?

In what type of cervical cells does HPV cause cancer?

Vaginal precancerous lesions (VaIN)

HPV-related precancerous lesions of the vulva (VΙN)

HPV-related vaginal cancer

Precancerous lesions of the anal canal (AΙN) and the perianal area (PaIN)

HPV-related vulvar cancer

Anal cancer

Head and neck cancers attributed to HPV

Don’t feel bad – Overcome your fears Be informed – Knowledge is power!

Boost your defense mechanisms with a healthy lifestyle
Am I the only one with HPV?

HPV infections are common

HPV: A common infection with rare but severe problems

Should women be concerned for cervical cancer?

How do you explain that many people are infected by HPV viruses but only a few have serious problems from them?

How frequent are HPV infections in the population?

Does the chance of infection by genital types of HPV increase depending on the number of sexual partners?

What is the probability of becoming infected by a new partner?

What is the possibility of a person becoming infected by HPV over his or her lifetime?
How did I get HPV?

How does an HPV infection begin?

How are genital types of HPV transmitted?

Are HPVs transmitted through oral-genital contact?

How did I catch HPV?

How can we explain lesions in areas where there is no friction during sexual contact

Can you know if your partner has an active infection at this time?

Are there high-risk sexual partners?
When did I contract HPV and who gave it to me?

When did I contract HPV?

Who gave me HPV?

If my partner is found to have HPV does this mean that he/she has cheated on me?

If an inflammation is suppressed, and I change partner, will I get infected again?

I feel guilty and worry that I transmitted the virus to my partner

What should I tell my partner?
What are the tests necessary for checking an HPV infection?

How is an HPV infection diagnosed?

What symptoms should I have in order to get tested?

Pap test

Who was Georgios Papanikolaou?

What is the Pap test?

Traditional Pap test

Liquid-based Pap test(Thin Prep)

How is the Pap test performed?

Is any preparation required?

Can pregnant women be tested?

Is it necessary for women who are not sexually active to be tested?

Is it necessary for women who have had a hysterectomy to be tested?

At what age should testing start and when should it stop?

How frequently should I get a Pap test?

Can a Pap test come out negative and miss a lesion?

What is the reliability of the Pap test and how can it be improved?

What can the examination of the cervical cells under the microscope show?

If the Pap test shows inflammation or atrophy, what happens next?

"Abnormal cells" on Pap smear :what is the next step?

HPV DNA test

What is the HPV test?

How is the HPV test performed?

What is PCR?

Can an HPV test be performed together with the Pap test?

At what age is it recommended that women get an HPV test and why?

In which cases is their use recommended?

In which cases is their use recommended?

Are there HPV tests that show the type of the virus?

Are there different types of HPV tests?

What are the possible results of the HPV test and what do they mean?

If the HPV test comes out positive, does this mean that you have something serious?

What safety does the combination of the Pap test and HPV test offer for women over 30?

Colposcopy

What is a colposcope?

What is colposcopy?

What is the colposcopy used for?

Is a colposcope used during surgery?

When is a colposcopy recommended?

How is a colposcopy performed?

Are biopsies always performed during a colposcopy?

Are the colposcopy and biopsies painful?

Does the colposcopy have any risk, is it allowed during pregnancy?

Is any preparation necessary before a colposcopy?

How reliable is a colposcopy?

What exactly is a colposcopic biopsy and how is it performed?

What is the reliability of a biopsy taken during a colposcopy?

What does the doctor see under the microscope when examining a biopsy and what are the possible diagnoses?

What is the difference between the Pap test and a colposcopy and biopsy?

How do we get from a check-up to a biopsy?

Is my infection an old or a recent one?

Do I have premalignant lesions caused by HPV?
Will I always have HPV?

Is there a cure for HPVs?

Is there risk of recurrence after the treatment?

HPV: Is it suppressed? Does it recur? Does it clear up?

Will I infect others with HPV after treatment?
How can I protect myself from HPV?

What are the methods available for prevention of HPV infection?

What is primary prevention?

What is secondary prevention?

HPV vaccines

Which vaccines are available for HPV?

How do vaccines against HPV work?

Do the vaccines prevent against all types of HPV?

Which types of HPV do vaccines protect you from?

Do the vaccines contain viruses?

Which HPV-related diseases do the vaccines protect you from?

How effective are the vaccines?

How was the effectiveness of the vaccines proven?

What about head and neck cancers attributed to HPV?

How long does the protection they offer last?

How is the vaccine administered?

How safe are the vaccines?

What are the side effects of the vaccines?

Can pregnant women have the vaccine?

What do we know about the vaccine during pregnancy?

What happens if a woman becomes pregnant before completing the three doses?

Should women continue to be screened after being vaccinated?

Does the vaccine have any therapeutic effects in individuals already infected with HPV?

Is there a vaccine that cures HPV?

If a woman has already been infected will she benefit from the vaccine?

What is the best age to be vaccinated?

Is vaccination recommended even after the beginning of sexual activity?

Do vaccines lead to increased sexual behaviour in young people?

Is an HPV DNA test recommended before the vaccination?

Can HPV be transmitted when using a condom?

Why use a condom if it does not prevent transmission?

Which is currently considered the ideal method to prevent HPV infection?

Identification of premalignant lesions

How can I improve my immune system?

How can a woman know that she is not at risk?

Why cervical cancer caused by HPV should not worry you if you have regular check-ups

How long does it take for a precancerous lesion to form?

How do we find precancerous lesions in the cervix?

If there are any precancerous lesions, what would be the symptoms?

Are precancerous lesions visible during a gynecological examination? How are they discovered?

Why should lesions be found while they are still invisible to the naked eye?

What are the necessary tests and in what order should they be performed?
Men and HPV

What can HPVs cause in men?

How are HPVs transmitted in men?

Where are genital warts located in men?

Diagnosis and treatment

Prevention

What is the treatment for men?

Should the partner of a woman with lesions caused by HPV be tested?

Can a woman who has undergone treatment become infected again by the same man?

What should a man do if he is diagnosed with an infection?

Is there any preventive test for anal cancer in men?

Answers to the questions of the male partner

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